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Toda 2.0- A Collective return to Heritage
Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India, India
image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Location:
Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India, India
Category:
housing
Phase:
construction preparation
Updated:
8 July 2025
Traditional Toda huts in the Nilgiris, marvels of pre-modern architecture are facing cultural loss due to modernization. Our prototype combining their traditional practices with modern amenities has the potential to transform these into contemporary habitats. Using alternative regenerative materials and technology it will ensure cultural revival, social acceptability and restore the vulnerable Niligiris Biosphere reserve, a UNESCO heritage site.
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Introduction
The Toda community of the Nilgiris Hills, most vulnerable of the tribal groups(population<1500) in Tamil Nadu, is experiencing a fading of its  traditional building practices and rich cultural heritage. They live in unique barrel-vaulted houses called Arsh, traditionally settled in small hamlets called Munds nestled in the rolling meadows and shola forests. They lived a migratory lifestyle based on dairy farming. They use intricately embroidered garments, which has been accorded a GI status. The Toda lands territory, a part of the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve are now declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
The forced interaction with oouside people and technology has effected Todas lifestyle with many building concrete houses. Another reason for switching is nonavailability of traditional materials from the forests due to the Forest Acts. This has threatened both their culture and the territory’s ecological balance.
This initiative seeks to revive their unique architectural heritage through a culturally rooted housing prototype with alternative locally sourced renewable natural materials. By combining traditional and non-RCC construction methods with modern amenities like electricity and sanitation, the project will empower Todas to build their own homes, restoring both ecological balance and cultural pride without compromising on contemporary conveniences. This initiative is a model for cultural preservation, sustainable development and community empowerment.
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Impact
This project will benefit the Toda community in a holistic manner:
  • Thebarrel-vaulted model, retaining traditional aesthetics while accommodating modern lifestyles will encourage young Todas to adopt them avoiding concrete houses unsuitable for their climate
  • The prototype has improved ventilation, smoke exhaust and natural light enhancing the overall health of the occupants
  • RWH, wind and solar energy for energy and water supply; a bamboo garden near the Toda hamlets for regular material supply and enhancing biodiversity
  • Integrating alternative locally sourced renewable materials simultaneously addresses economics, sustainability and relevance of indigenous building wisdom in today’s context. This will reduce building cost making them economical 
  • Our skill training will encourage self-building, strengthening community bonds as construction becomes a collaborative process, preserving craftsmanship and oral traditions, also providing livelihood 
  • Integrating cultural preservation into development will offer valuable lessons for architects, planners and policymakers striving to balance progress with heritage creating social impact
  • For students and volunteers, it will provide hands-on experience in sustainable community-driven design
  • A key impact of the project is the renewed sense of pride and identity for the Todas and a cultural continuity, who through their resilience and evolving practices, will continue to offer insights to the world into living in harmony with nature amidst changing economic and institutional pressures-A new model of development of an endangered tribe and culture.
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Core team
Dr Tarun Chhabra, Promoter- Practicing Dentist, Ooty
  • Founder trustee, EBR Trust (Edhkwehlynawd Botanical Refuge)
  • Founder, Toda Nalavaazhu Sangam
  • Researcher with passion for Toda studies and social/cultural/ecological/botanical work
  • Author-The Toda Landscape: Explorations in Cultural Ecology, and numerous other publications, conference papers
  • Member, IUCN-SSG Western Ghats Plant Specialist Group.
Ar. Prof Neelam Manjunath, Principal architect, planner, activist & theoretician, practicing since 1991, several National and International nominations, awards and honors.
  • Proprietrix and Principal, Manasaram Architects, Bangalore
  • CEO, Founder, Chairperson, CGBMT- School of Simple Living, Bangalore
  • Advisor, Bamboo Affairs and Sustainability, Dayalbagh Educational Institute( Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra
  • Member, NGC & National Convenor, ADCET, Bamboo Society of India
  • Advisor, Karnataka State Bamboo Mission
  • World Bamboo Ambassador, World Bamboo Organisation
  • Key Expert, Bamboo Construction Task Force, INBAR
  • CED 46:P6, Bureau of Indian Standards, GOI, Member
  • Member, Working Group on Bamboo Construction, Niti Ayog
  • C40 Women4Climate Bengaluru COHORT.
CGBMT since 2004, has been addressing the critical need for advocacy, eco-education and resources for sustainable development for over 20 yrs, engaging with local, national, and global communities; driving change toward a more sustainable future; staff and volunteers.

Manasaram architects specializes in sustainable architecture and development, committed to fight back climate change through bioclimatic designs, Design team- Ar. Sagar Jayaramulu & staff
Core Team

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Image gallery
Toda Landscape with mountains, Shola Forests, Rivers and Grasslands

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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View of the rolling grasslands with buffalos grazing

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Visit to Toda Hut with Al sheet roofing, for retrofitting sponsored by ONGC. Jan 2022

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Visiting a Toda Hut- Note the 3’x3’ doorway

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Thoovarsh- Buffalo pen for a hamlet

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Toda lady explaining their lifestyle and problems faced

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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A Toda temple with loose stone boundary wall set below ground level for protection from high winds and rain

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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2- storyed Toda house in concrete sponsored by Mr. Aroon Raman

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Model Toda Hut at Ooty Botanical Garden

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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A young Toda boy showing his strength to get recognition

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Toda women doing embroidery which has been accorded with a GI Tag

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Manasaram team in front of a Toda structure. Ar. Sonali, Ar. Neelam Manjunath and Ar. Sagar

image: Dr. Tarun Chhabra | © all rights reserved
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Toda family running a tea stall near a tourism spot in Ooty- change in occupation

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Our prototype model in front of a ONGC sponsored Toda Hut with Al sheets, all ready for inaugration

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Toda ladies with typical features and hairstyle

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Er. D Karuppasamy explaining and discussing our project prototype with Toda people

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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: Ar. Neelam Manjunath explaining our protoype to the Chief Justice of Madras High Court, Additional Chief Secretary, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, District Collector, Senior Forest Dept. officials and the Toda people. May 2022

image: Er. D Karuppasamy Pandi | © all rights reserved
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Traditional Dance by Toda women at the program

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Our team and Toda elders with our Toda Prototype Model in the foreground. May 2022

image: Ar. Sagar Jayramulu | © all rights reserved
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Author with National awardee Toda lady

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Technical drawings
Design and concept development

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Methodology and implementation process

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Hamlet Plan with Cluster of Toda Huts , Buffalo Pen and Bamboo Garden

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Plan of Prototype

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Front Elevation

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Detailed Plan

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Front Elevation Detail

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Rear Elevation Detail

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Sectoin A A

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Section B B

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Section D D

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Toda traditional way of climate control of rain and wind incorporated in our design

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Materials and Components of Roof detail

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Construction detail of Roof

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Sectional View of the Interior

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Exploded view of the Prototype

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Physical model of our prototype design

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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3D View of Proposed Prototype

image: Ar.Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Help bring our project to life!
8 July 2025
Appointment Letter Issued for Toda Community Center
We’re happy to share a significant milestone for Toda 2.0 – A Collective Return to Heritage!
The District Collector of Ooty has officially extended support by issuing an appointment letter to construct a 2000 sq. ft. Toda Community Center. This center will serve as a vital space for cultural gatherings, skill-building workshops, and community development initiatives, rooted in traditional Toda architecture.
This support strengthens our mission to co-create inclusive, heritage-driven infrastructure with and for the Toda community.
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8 July 2025
Rotary Club Joins Hands with Toda 2.0 for Hut Construction
We are excited to announce that the Rotary Club has come forward to support the construction of traditional Toda huts. This generous commitment marks a major step forward in our mission to revive and sustain Toda vernacular architecture. Grateful for the growing support network around Toda 2.0 – A Collective Return to Heritage!
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8 July 2025
Appointment Letter Issued for Toda Community Center
 We’re happy to share a significant milestone for Toda 2.0 – A Collective Return to Heritage!
The District Collector of Ooty has officially extended support by issuing an appointment letter to construct a 2000 sq. ft. Toda Community Center. This center will serve as a vital space for cultural gatherings, skill-building workshops, and community development initiatives, rooted in traditional Toda architecture.
This support strengthens our mission to co-create inclusive, heritage-driven infrastructure with and for the Toda community.
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12 June 2025
New supporter: Ar. Radhika Gopinath
We are happy to share that Ar. Radhika Gopinath from EmpowerQA Solar Solutions has pledged to support the Toda 2.0 project by providing solar panels for one Toda hut. As a committed supporter, over the years, she has served as a volunteer manager, member secretary, and has also been part of our advisory committee. We are truly grateful for her continued involvement in making the Toda hamlets more sustainable and energy-efficient.
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Show previous updates
12 June 2025
New supporter: Mr. Aroon Raman
We are pleased to share that Mr. Aroon Raman has promised to support the Toda 2.0 project. A well-known entrepreneur and founder of Telos Tech, Mr. Raman has been a long-standing supporter of reviving the Toda culture and architecture. Previously, he has generously contributed towards the repairs of three Toda huts and also supported financially for the design and travel expenses for the Toda 2.0 initiative. We are grateful and delighted to have his continued support in this journey of cultural revival and sustainable architecture. He has also kindly offered to help raise additional funds for this noble cause through fellow philanthropists.
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12 June 2025
Reviving Sacred Traditions in the Nilgiris: The Toda Temple Re-thatching Ritual
The re-thatching of Toda temples—a sacred ritual held once every 15 years—uses avful, a rare swamp grass found only in the Nilgiris. Toda men, dressed in traditional embroidered shawls, gather to harvest and bundle the grass, which is then carefully layered over the temple roof in a communal ceremony filled with chants and offerings. Dr. Tarun Chhabra, an active member of our Toda 2.0 project, and author of The Toda Landscape, participated in the event and shared insights on its cultural and ecological significance. While most homes are now concrete, the temples continue to be built with bamboo, cane, and avful, preserving the spiritual and architectural legacy of the Toda people.
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5 June 2025
District Collector’s Support for Toda 2.0
We are happy to share that the District Collector of the Nilgiris has extended their support to the Toda 2.0 – A Collective Return to Heritage initiative. Their encouragement and official endorsement have played a key role in enabling us to move forward with confidence and institutional backing.
The District Administration is supporting the project both in principle and in action, by facilitating essential permissions for constructing the first model hut and helping us navigate heritage and land regulations with care and cultural sensitivity.
In addition, discussions are underway for financial support from the district toward the construction of one Toda hut, which will serve as a demonstration unit.
This support from the District Collector adds immense credibility to the project and strengthens our efforts.
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Help bring our project to life!
Where are we now
We are a team of dedicated professionals committed to the project. We bring expertise in architecture, planning, botany and community engagement to ensure a holistic and impactful approach.
The design phase is complete, and we are ready to move forward for on-ground execution once the necessary funds are secured. We have approached Rotary club, local government bodies, international NGOs, individual donors etc. for funds for execution. While financial resources are still being mobilized, we have the technical knowledge, and a clear execution plan in place. With the right support in financial advice, advocacy, PR and marketing, we can bring this project on ground and our novel vision to life.
An indication of our team’s capacity:
5% funding already raised
75% expertise already found
10% materials / equipment already found
Finance: € 54,244
With the necessary funding, we will transform our design into a tangible, community-driven project to provide safe and ecofriendly houses for the marginalised Todas. We will be constructing 1 hamlet of 7 huts in 3 phases (1+3+3) in 18 months with a total cost of 94,738 Euros

Beyond construction, the impact will extend to skill development, local employment and sustainable solutions for balancing development with traditional wisdom and culture

By supporting us, the donors become part of a historic movement that will empower vulnerable Todas with the much needed revival in the built environment and conservation of the threatened Nilgiris Biosphere ecosystem and culture while ensuring progress
  • Site Preparations and Construction Tools
670
  • Construction Materials
4,016
  • Labour Cost
4,016
  • Utilities and Infrastructure Engineering
1,339
  • Transportation
669
  • Project Management and Supervision
669
  • Monitoring and Evaluation
335
  • Contingency Fund
335
  • Energy Equipments
1,004
  • Community Engagement and Skill Training in Phase 1
1,030
  • Funds for phase 2 for 3 Huts
40,161
Skills: Planning & Management, PR & Marketing, Financial advice
We primarily seek financial support to bring our project to life and to make it into a movement for the long needed revival of Toda culture and their traditional building systems . For this  we would benefit from guidance in financial advice, PR, marketing, planning, community engagement and management, partnerships and development planning to ensure long term funding solutions for the project's success. This will help us engage the community meaningfully, amplify our project impact, and deliver a well-managed project that will benefit all the stakeholders involved. The advisors will gain insight into a model of regenerative sustainable development for people coexisting with nature.
Volunteers required for construction

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Stuff: Materials, Equipment & tools
We require materials and equipments to execute the project. Major materials required are bamboo, rattan, thatch and stone for the structure. Major tools required are cutting, drilling and buffing machines, treatment tank and scaffolding. For providing on site energy for contemporary living we need mini solar PV, solar water heater and mini windmills. This project will benefit local material suppliers of eco-friendly materials and equipment in fostering long-term partnerships. For the community, it will provide safe dignified living spaces, create local employment opportunities, better infrastructure and social and economic development ensuring both immediate and long-term positive impact.
Materials and Equipment Required

image: Ar. Neelam Manjunath | © all rights reserved
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Hands
We’re seeking volunteer builders to help in the execution of the project on the ground for both construction and construction management.

Given the unique nature of the project, the volunteers will gain hands-on experience in construction of sustainable, community-driven buildings using bio-based materials like bamboo, fibers, stone & mud. They would learn to adopt these traditional materials in their designs for contemporary living while learning to shape affordable housing solutions for tribal communities like the Todas.  

The Todas will learn new skills to help them in navigating the climate change adaptations while integrating and enhancing their cultural skills for a cultural revival.
CGBMT's Design and Build Workshops for community projects

image: Ar. Neelam | © all rights reserved
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Help bring our project to life!
Supporters
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